Immunology

Syllabus

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Study materials

Test questions

A) THEORETICAL IMMUNOLOGY

1. What is immunology, immunity, relation to neuroendocrine system.
2. Structure of the lymphatic system - primary and secondary lymphatic organs.
3. Cell elements involved in non-specific immune response - epithelial cells, leukocytes, and non-haematopoietic cells.
4. Antigen presenting cells - involvement in the induction of immune response, classification.
5. Cell elements involved in antigen specific immune defense.
6. Relationship between cell of the innate and antigen specific immunity.
7. Humoral factors of defense in systemic, mucosal and skin immunity (specific and non specific).
8. Classical, lectin, and alternative cascade of complement - biological sense, differences.
9. Antibodies - isotypes and subclasses, physiological concentrations, function in systemic and mucosal immunity.
10. IgA as the major factor of mucosal immunity.
11. The course of B cells activation, primary and secondary antibody response.
12. IgE - involvement in immune responses, interaction with cell surface receptors.
13. Genetic base of antibody variability, genetic recombination, sources of variability of VH a VL.
14. Antigens, haptens, carriers, allergen, autoantigen, superantigens.
15. T dependent and independent antigens.
16. 21. MHC, genomic localization, cellular distribution, hereditability, biological sense of MHC variability.
17. Cytokines and chemokines - classification, biological sense.
18. T-cells, CD classification, biological sense, functions, physiological concentration in circulation.
19. Th cells - classification, functions, cooperation with other cell elements.
20. Regulatory CD4, CD8 T cells, the mechanisms of regulatory activity.
21. Cytotoxic T cell , effector and memory functions.
22. NK cells - effector functions cytotoxic and regulatory.
23. 31. Antigen-specific and non-specific cooperation of T a B cells during development of antibody response.
24. Mucosal immunity as a homeostatic barrier on the border of external and systemic immunity
25. The mucosal immune system of the oral cavity.

B) LABORATORY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

1. Investigation of the patient with suspected allergic/immunological disorder - anamnesis, physical and laboratory examinations.
2. Sampling of the patients for immunological laboratory investigation - indication, specimens collection, storage, results interpretation.
3. Laboratory tests for evaluation of humoral immunity - methods, reference values, indication, interpretation.
4. Laboratory tests for evaluation of lymphocyte populations counts and functions - methods, reference values, indication, interpretation.
5. Laboratory tests for evaluation of phagocytes - methods, reference values, indication, interpretation.
6. HLA-typing - methods, indication, interpretation.
7. Genotyping tests for clinical immunology - PCR, Sanger sequencing, NGS-based tests - principles, differences.
8. 9. Principles of the investigation of the allergic patient - anamnesis, physical investigation, skin tests, exposition, elimination, and bronchoprovocation tests - indication, interpretation.
9. Immunological mechanisms involved in etiopathology periodontitis.
10. Immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reactions - principles, clinical manifestation. Atopy.
11. Pathophysiological role of IgE in allergy and asthma.
12. Cytotoxic (type II) hypersensitivity reactions - principles, clinical manifestation.
13. Immune complexes (type III) hypersensitivity reactions - principles, clinical manifestation.
14. Delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) reactions - principles, clinical manifestation.
15. Cell elements involved in allergic reaction, mediators of allergic reaction.
16. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever, polinosis) and persistent (perennial) allergic and non-allergic rhinitis - etiopathology, clinical manifestations, therapy.
17. Allergic asthma - classification, clinical manifestation, therapy.
18. Drug allergy - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment.
19. Skin allergy (eczema, hives, allergic contact dermatitis), allergic march, Quincke's edema, HAE - etiopathology, symptoms, diagnosis, thetapy.
20. Hymenoptera venom allergy, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy.
21. Oral Manifestations of immunodeficiencies and autoimmne disorders.
22. Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies - classification, etiopathology, clinical manifestation.
23. Immune stimulation, immunosuppressive, and immune modulation therapy. Biologic therapy.
24. Allergen-specific immunotherapy - principles, indications, practice of administering, types.